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Muhammad Taqi Usmani (, ''Muhammad Taqī ‘Usmāni'', born 1943) (also spelled Uthmani) is a Hanafi Islamic scholar from Pakistan. He served as a judge on the Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan from 1981 to 1982 and the ''Shariat Appellate Bench'' of the Supreme Court of Pakistan between 1982 and 2002. He is an expert in the fields of Islamic Jurisprudence (fiqh), economics and hadith. He also held a number of positions on the Shariah Boards of prestigious Islamic institutions, and is one of the most influential Islamic authors outside the Middle East.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://themuslim500.com/profile/shaykh-muhammad-taqi-usmani )〕 He is the brother of Islamic scholars Muhammad Rafi Usmani, Muhammad Wali Razi, and Muhammad Razi Usmani, as well as of the Urdu poet Muhammad Zaki Kaifi. ==Early life== Muhammad Taqi Usmani was born on 5 October 1943 in Deoband, a city in the Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Federal Shariat Court, Pakistan )〕 In 1958, Usmani passed the Fazil-e-Arabi (Arabic language examination) with distinction, administered by the Punjab Board.〔 In 1959 he graduated from the `Alim course at Darul Uloom Karachi.〔Brian Kettell, Introduction to Islamic Banking and Finance, p 28. ISBN 047097804X.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ijaraloans.com/?p=91 )〕 He then specialised in ''fiqh'' (Islamic jurisprudence) under the guidance of his father,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.albalagh.net/taqi.shtml )〕 the Mufti of Darul Uloom Karachi, Muhammad Shafi, receiving his ''Takhassus'' degree (equivalent to a PhD) in ''fiqh'' and ''ifta'' (issuance of Islamic legal opinions) from Darul Uloom Karachi in 1961, earning the title of ''Mufti''. He graduated from the University of Karachi with a Bachelor of Arts in 1964, then received a Bachelor of Laws with distinction from the University of Karachi in 1967. He received a Master of Arts in Arabic literature, with distinction, from the University of Punjab in 1970.〔〔Brian B. Kettell, Introduction to Islamic Banking and Finance, p 28. ISBN 1119990602〕 Usmani received ''ijaza'' to teach hadith from Islamic scholars including Muhammad Shafi, Idris Kandhalvi, Muhammad Tayyib, Saleemullah Khan, Rashid Ahmad Ludhianvi, Sahban Mahmud, Zafar Ahmad Usmani, Muhammad Zakariya Kandhalvi, Hasan al-Mahshat, and others.〔 Usmani pioneered the concept of Islamic banking in Pakistan when he established the Meezan Bank. Usmani has authored a number of books in Arabic, Urdu, and English on Islamic topics in addition to a large number of articles on Islamic banking and finance published in a number of journals and magazines. In March 2004, United Arab Emirates Vice President and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum presented an award to Taqi Usmani in recognition of his lifetime service and achievement in Islamic finance during the annual International Islamic Finance Forum (IIFF) in Dubai. In accordance with the tradition of the scholars of Deoband and recognising the importance of ''tasawwuf'', Usmani's ''bay'ah'' was accepted by Abdul Hayy Arifi and Maseehullah Khan. Usmani is currently a mentor to numerous spiritual aspirants all over the world and delivers weekly lectures on self-improvement at Darul Uloom Karachi on Sundays between Asr Salaah and Maghrib Salaah. () He currently teaches Sahih al-Bukhari, fiqh, and Islamic economics at Darul Uloom Karachi and is known for his ''Islahi Khutbat''. He was a key member of a team of scholars which helped declare Ahmadis (Qadianis), as non-Muslims by Pakistan's National Assembly during the era of former Pakistani president, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, in the 1970s. During the presidency of General Zia ul Haq, he was instrumental in drafting laws pertaining to ''Hudood'', ''Qisas'', and ''Dayiat''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Muhammad Taqi Usmani」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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